DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

2013

2010

1989

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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