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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Galaxybase vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Galaxybase vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGalaxybase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed reliable key-value storeScalable, ACID-compliant native distributed parallel graph platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#39  Graph DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
galaxybase.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmletcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
docs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaChuanglin(Createlink) Technology Co., Ltd 浙江创邻科技有限公司Microsoft8Kdata
Initial release2013201720162016
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.4, August 2019Nov 20, November 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoC and JavaC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
LinuxhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeStrong typed schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
Browser interface
console (shell)
Graph API (Gremlin)
OpenCypher
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Go
Java
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined procedures and functionsTransact SQL
Triggersnoyes, watching key changesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoRole-based access controlyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaetcdGalaxybaseMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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