DBMS > Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.stardog.com

typedb.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

apple.github.io/foundationdb

docs.stardog.com

typedb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

FoundationDB

Stardog-Union

Vaticle

Initial release

2013

2010

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

6.2.28, November 2020

7.3.0, May 2020

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

supported in specific SQL layer only

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

in SQL-layer only

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

relationships in graphs

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users and roles

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more

Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
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