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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaFoundationDBMicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release2013201320192010
Current release4.1.0, June 20226.2.28, November 2020cloud service with continuous releases7.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementssupported in specific SQL layer onlyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducein SQL-layer onlyYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFoundationDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStardog
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