DBMS > Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.76
Rank	#139	Overall
	#62	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.exasol.com/resources

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Exasol

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2013

2000

2010

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++, Java

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java
Lua
Python
R

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Hooks

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Hadoop integration

could be achieved with distributed queries

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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