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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.exasol.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourceslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaExasolMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release2013200019892014
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
Lua
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoHadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaEXASOLMicrosoft SQL ServerSpark SQL
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