DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. etcd vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. etcd vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A distributed reliable key-value store

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Website

impala.apache.org

duckdb.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

duckdb.org/docs

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

8Kdata

Initial release

2013

2018

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

0.10, February 2024

3.4, August 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

server-less

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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