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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. H2 vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. H2 vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerThomas MuellerSpotifyMicrosoft
Initial release20132008200520142019
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.2.4, September 20122.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU GPLOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C++
Java
PHP
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnono infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDrizzleH2HeroicMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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