DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. MongoDB vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. MongoDB vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	421.08
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Score	0.03
Rank	#392	Overall
	#8	Spatial DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

dgraph.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.mongodb.com

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

dgraph.io/docs

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

MongoDB, Inc

Mireo

Initial release

2013

2016

2009

2020

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

6.0.7, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
PHP

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional, enabled by default

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Planned for future releases

yes

Access rights for users and roles

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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Competitive advantages

Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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Typical application scenarios

AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Key customers

ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Market metrics

Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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Licensing and pricing models

MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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