DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle Coherence

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle Coherence

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Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Oracles in-memory data grid solution

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

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Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#130	Overall
	#22	Key-value stores

Website

impala.apache.org

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.oracle.com/java/coherence

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

doc.nuodb.com

docs.oracle.com/en/middleware/standalone/coherence

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

2013

2016

2010

2013

2007

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

14.1, August 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Live Events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

yes, with selectable consistency level

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

configurable

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optionally

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Planned for future releases

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

authentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authentication

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