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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonEsgynDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEnterprise-class SQL-on-Hadoop solution, powered by Apache TrafodionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.16
Rank#329  Overall
#146  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.esgyn.cncloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.EsgynGoogleGoogle
Initial release20132016201520152017
Current release4.1.0, June 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoC++, Java
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.NetC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoJava Stored Proceduresnono
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication between multi datacentersInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDgraphEsgynDBGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud Spanner
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