DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Derby vs. H2 vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Derby vs. H2 vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUs

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.66
Rank	#234	Overall
	#107	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.kinetica.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

Thomas Mueller

Kinetica

Microsoft

Initial release

2013

1997

2005

2012

1989

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

10.17.1.0, November 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

7.1, August 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C, C++

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java Stored Procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

user defined functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

triggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified range

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

GPU vRAM or System RAM

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles on table level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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