DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Immudb vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Immudb vs. Snowflake

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.datomic.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.datomic.com

docs.immudb.io

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Cognitect

Codenotary

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2013

2012

2020

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

1.0.7075, December 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java, Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Transaction Functions

user defined functions

Triggers

By using transaction functions

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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