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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineKey-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datomic.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­bigtable
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectElasticGoogle
Initial release2013201220102015
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 20238.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoTransaction Functionsyesno
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoES-Hadoop Connectoryes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoAtomic single-row operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatomicElasticsearchGoogle Cloud Bigtable
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