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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. Netezza vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. Netezza vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBM  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed Database based on LuceneData warehouse and analytics appliance part of IBM PureSystemsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score8.59
Rank#45  Overall
#29  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcratedb.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­netezzawww.postgresql.orgquestdb.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcratedb.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCrateIBMPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release2013201320001989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release4.1.0, June 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaCJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux infoincluded in applianceFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
C
C++
Fortran
Java
Lua
Perl
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions (Javascript)yesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCrateDBNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBMPostgreSQLQuestDB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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