DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

couchdb.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

rethinkdb.com

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

rethinkdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Microsoft

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Mireo

Initial release

2013

2005

2016

2009

2020

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.3.3, December 2023

2.4.1, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Erlang

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C#
Java
PHP

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

View functions in JavaScript

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

range based

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Source-replica replication

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users can be defined per database

yes

users and table-level permissions

yes

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