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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Lovefield vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Lovefield vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldorientdb.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCockroach LabsGoogleOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPStardog-Union
Initial release20132015201420102010
Current release4.1.0, June 202223.1.1, May 20232.1.12, February 20173.2.29, March 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoJavaScriptJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query language, no joinsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCTinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
JavaScript.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoJava, Javascriptuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersnonoUsing read-only observersHooksyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes inforelationship in graphsyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlnoAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCockroachDBLovefieldOrientDBStardog
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