DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. NSDb vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. NSDb vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#369	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.citusdata.com

nsdb.io/Architecture

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

2013

2010

2017

2000

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

8.1, December 2018

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
macOS

server-less

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
Scala

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Using Apache Lucene

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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