DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. MySQL vs. RRDtool vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. MySQL vs. RRDtool vs. Solr

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Widely used open source RDBMS

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Time Series DBMS

Search engine

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.03
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#123	Overall
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	1087.72
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#124	Overall
	#10	Time Series DBMS

Score	44.28
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Website

impala.apache.org

www.citusdata.com

www.mysql.com

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

solr.apache.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.citusdata.com

dev.mysql.com/doc

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

solr.apache.org/resources.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Tobias Oetiker

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2013

2010

1995

1999

2006

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

8.1, December 2018

8.3.0, January 2024

1.8.0, 2022

9.5.0, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

HP-UX
Linux

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

Data scheme

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

in-process shared library
Pipes

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

proprietary syntax

Java plugins

Triggers

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

yes

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