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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score3.05
Rank#97  Overall
#17  Document stores
#16  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftOracleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20132010201220112019
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 201823.3, December 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptionalyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonono
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDoptimistic lockingconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infooff heap cache
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusMicrosoft Azure Table StorageOracle NoSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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