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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Immudb vs. Stardog vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Immudb vs. Stardog vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.17
Rank#334  Overall
#148  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.stardog.comwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.immudb.iodocs.stardog.comwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCodenotaryStardog-UnionTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release20132010202020101987
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20181.2.3, April 20227.3.0, May 2020Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CGoJavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like syntaxYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusImmudbStardogTransbase
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