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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. Memcached vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. Memcached vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhsqldb.orgwww.memcached.orgwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20132010200120032013
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20182.7.2, June 20231.6.27, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSD licensecommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocolADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java, SQLnoJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenonedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMemcachedNuoDB
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