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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Hive vs. PostGIS vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Hive vs. PostGIS vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopSpatial extension of PostgreSQLSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhive.apache.orgpostgis.netwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homepostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMireo
Initial release20132010201220052020
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20183.1.3, April 20223.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPL v2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsno
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes infobased on PostgreSQLFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factoryes infobased on PostgreSQLReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesyes infobased on PostgreSQLyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusHivePostGISSpaceTime
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Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
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