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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Kingbase vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Kingbase vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#379  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.hawkular.orgwww.kingbase.com.cnnsdb.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidensdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCommunity supported by Red HatBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.
Initial release20132010201419992017
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018V8.0, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaC and JavaJava, Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoStandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functionsno
Triggersnoyesyes infovia Hawkular Alertingyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infobased on Cassandrahorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusHawkular MetricsKingbaseNSDb
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