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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Oracle Rdb vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Oracle Rdb vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.04
Rank#184  Overall
#84  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#97  Overall
#16  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlrocksdb.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)Facebook, Inc.
Initial release20132010201619842013
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20187.4.1.1, 20219.4.0, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CGoC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
HP Open VMSLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyeshorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raftyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDyes, on a single nodeyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusDgraphOracle RdbRocksDB
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