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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. CouchDB vs. GigaSpaces vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. CouchDB vs. GigaSpaces vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGigaSpaces  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.High performance in-memory data grid platform, powering three products: Smart Cache, Smart ODS (Operational Data Store), Smart Augmented TransactionsElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Object oriented DBMS infoValues are user defined objects
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionGraph DBMS
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DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score0.97
Rank#192  Overall
#32  Document stores
#6  Object oriented DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comcouchdb.apache.orgwww.gigaspaces.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.gigaspaces.com/­latest/­landing.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGigaspaces TechnologiesMicrosoft
Initial release20132010200520002016
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20183.3.3, December 202315.5, September 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial licenses availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CErlangJava, C++, .NetC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono infoXML can be used for describing objects metadatano
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-99 for query and DML statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIGigaSpaces LRMI
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C++
Java
Python
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.View functions in JavaScriptyesTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyesyes, event driven architectureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0ShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infosynchronous or asynchronous
Source-replica replication infosynchronous or asynchronous
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesyes infoMap-Reduce pattern can be built with XAP task executorsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable: ALL, QUORUM, ANYImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseRole-based access controlyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"GigaSpacesMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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