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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. SpaceTime vs. STSdb vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. SpaceTime vs. STSdb vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embedded key-value store for Go.SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.Key-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeSpatial DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.mireo.com/­spacetimegithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMireoSTS Soft SCOpenLink Software
Initial release20132013202020111998
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.0.8, September 20157.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoC++C#C
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxWindowsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnononoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoA subset of ANSI SQL is implementednoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGoC#
C++
Python
C#
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenononoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneFixed-grid hypercubesnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneReal-time block device replication (DRBD)noneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoyesnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaBoltDBSpaceTimeSTSdbVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaBoltDBSpaceTimeSTSdbVirtuoso
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