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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embedded key-value store for Go.A widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­boltdb/­bolthazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaHazelcastMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20132013200820192016
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaBoltDBHazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDB
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