DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

AI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code development

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.80
Rank	#215	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	2.11
Rank	#118	Overall
	#11	Search engines

Score	3.41
Rank	#86	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/boltdb/bolt

www.citusdata.com

www.coveo.com

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.citusdata.com

docs.coveo.com

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Coveo

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2013

2010

2012

2013

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

8.1, December 2018

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

hybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configuration

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

RESTful HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
Java
JavaScript
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

yes

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

granular access controls, API key management, content filters

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