DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Badger vs. Bangdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Badger vs. Bangdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.

Converged and high performance database for device data, events, time series, document and graph

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#331	Overall
	#49	Key-value stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#347	Overall
	#47	Document stores
	#34	Graph DBMS
	#31	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

bangdb.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

docs.bangdb.com

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

DGraph Labs

Sachin Sinha, BangDB

Microsoft

Initial release

2013

2017

2012

2019

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

BangDB 2.0, October 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD 3

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C, C++

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: string, long, double, int, geospatial, stream, events

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

secondary, composite, nested, reverse, geospatial

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL like support with command line tool

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C#
Java
PHP

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes, Notifications (with Streaming only)

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding (enterprise version only). P2P based virtual network overlay with consistent hashing and chord algorithm

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

selectable replication factor, Knob for CAP (enterprise version only)

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

none

Tunable consistency, set CAP knob accordingly

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, optimistic concurrency control

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, implements WAL (Write ahead log) as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes, run db with in-memory only mode

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes (enterprise version only)

Azure Active Directory Authentication

yes

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