DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Axibase vs. Citus vs. Oracle vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Axibase vs. Citus vs. Oracle vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Scalable TimeSeries DBMS based on HBase with integrated rule engine and visualization

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Widely used RDBMS

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.21
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	133.72
Rank	#7	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

axibase.com/docs/atsd/finance

www.citusdata.com

www.oracle.com/database

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.citusdata.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Axibase Corporation

Oracle

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2013

2010

1980

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

15585

8.1, December 2018

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Community Edition (single node) is free, Enterprise Edition (distributed) is paid

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

hosted

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

short, integer, long, float, double, decimal, string

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Proprietary protocol (Network API)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Go
Java
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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