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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. ArangoDB vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. ArangoDB vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonArangoDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopNative multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.Spatial extension of H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine
Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#88  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#12  Key-value stores
#10  Search engines
Score0.08
Rank#368  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgarangodb.comwww.h2gis.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.arangodb.comwww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeFacebookInstagram
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaArangoDB Inc.CNRSMicrosoft
Initial release2013201220132019
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.11.5, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) availableOpen Source infoLGPL 3.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.
Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infoautomatically recognizes schema within a collectionyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infostring, double, boolean, list, hashyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJavaScriptyes infobased on H2Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infosince version 2.0noneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication with configurable replication factoryes infobased on H2yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno infocan be done with stored procedures in JavaScriptnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoconfigurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes inforelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyesyes infobased on H2Azure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaArangoDBH2GISMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsGraph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more
Competitive advantagesConsolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more
Typical application scenariosNative multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more
Key customersCisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more
Market metricsArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsVery permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaArangoDBH2GISMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
DB-Engines blog posts

The Weight of Relational Databases: Time for Multi-Model?
29 August 2017, Luca Olivari (guest author)

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