DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. gStore vs. HarperDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. gStore vs. HarperDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#359	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#18	RDF stores

Score	0.55
Rank	#248	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Website

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

phoenix.apache.org

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

docs.harperdb.io/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

HarperDB

Initial release

2013

2014

2016

2017

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

1.2, November 2023

3.1, August 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

free community edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Node.js

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

dynamic schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like data manipulation statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

yes

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Atomic execution of specific operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloudera's HBase PaaS offering now supports Complex Transactions
11 August 2021, Krishna Maheshwari (sponsor)

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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala 4 Supports Operator Multi-Threading
29 July 2021, iProgrammer

Cloudera Bringing Impala to AWS Cloud
28 November 2017, Datanami

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

Apache Doris just 'graduated': Why care about this SQL data warehouse
24 June 2022, InfoWorld

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12 March 2017, Uber

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2 June 2016, AWS Blog

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27 March 2017, SDTimes.com

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25 September 2018, azure.microsoft.com

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7 February 2018, ZDNet

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18 October 2021, SitePoint

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