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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. CockroachDB vs. Spark SQL vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. CockroachDB vs. Spark SQL vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#157  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlphoenix.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software FoundationCockroach LabsApache Software FoundationVoltDB Inc.
Initial release20132014201520142010
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 201924.1.0, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 202311.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaGoScalaJava, C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesdynamic schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCJDBCJDBC
ODBC
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Java
Python
R
Scala
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsnonoJava
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication using RAFTnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceHadoop integrationnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyRole-based access controlnoUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
Apache ImpalaApache PhoenixCockroachDBSpark SQLVoltDB
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