DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache Jena - TDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache Jena - TDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.75
Rank	#84	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2013

2000

1989

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

4.9.0, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access control via Jena Security

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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