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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.comvitess.io
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.comvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationStardog-UnionThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release20121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201420102013
Current release29.0.1, April 202416.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 202015.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageJavaCScalaJavaGo
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark CorenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Apache DruidPostgreSQLSpark SQLStardogVitess
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