DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Stardog vs. TDengine vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Stardog vs. TDengine vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.99
Rank	#65	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.stardog.com

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

trino.io

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.stardog.com

docs.tdengine.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

2014

2010

2019

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

via event handlers

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

yes

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights for users and roles

yes

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
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Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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