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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenMLDB vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenMLDB vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenMLDB  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inferenceDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.02
Rank#367  Overall
#37  Time Series DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#332  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreropenmldb.aiquasar.ai
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreropenmldb.ai/­docs/­zh/­maindoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsSymasMicrosoft4 Paradigm Inc.quasardb
Initial release20122011201920202009
Current release29.0.1, April 20240.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases2024-2 February 20243.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open SourcecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCC++, Java, ScalaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows
hostedLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Fixed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
SQLAlchemy
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioningSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Apache DruidLMDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenMLDBQuasardb
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