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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. KairosDB vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. KairosDB vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2In-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Time Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#238  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score16.84
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designkairosdb.github.iogithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20122013200320192016
Current release30.0.0, June 20241.2.2, November 20181.6.29, June 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Proprietary protocolMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infobased on CassandranoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandranone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonononono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemsimple password-based access controlyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache DruidKairosDBMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDB
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