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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.orgwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsIBMMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPMireo
Initial release20121983 infohost version201920102020
Current release29.0.1, April 202412.1, October 2016cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercial infofree version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joinsA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, Javascriptno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableyes

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More resources
Apache DruidIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDBSpaceTime
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