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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score3.07
Rank#86  Overall
#15  Document stores
#11  Key-value stores
#47  Relational DBMS
Score2.58
Rank#105  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websitedruid.apache.orghsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftOracleThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20122001201920112009
Current release30.0.0, June 20242.7.2, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases24.1, May 20242.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesoptionalyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)Atomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infooff heap cacheno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
Apache DruidHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle NoSQLRethinkDB
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