DBMS > Apache Druid vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.85
Rank	#96	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS
	#6	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.14
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	3.07
Rank	#86	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#11	Key-value stores
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#88	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores

Website

druid.apache.org

hsqldb.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Microsoft

Oracle

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2012

2001

2014

2011

2010

Current release

30.0.0, June 2024

2.7.2, June 2023

24.1, May 2024

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

hosted

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

RESTful HTTP API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

JavaScript

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

with Hadoop integration

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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