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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. HBase vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. HBase vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 Event Store  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableDistributed Event Store optimized for Internet of Things use casesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Wide column storeEvent Store
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score0.19
Rank#323  Overall
#2  Event Stores
#28  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score8.42
Rank#47  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orghbase.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2-event-storeazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerprometheus.io
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designhbase.apache.org/­book.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2-event-storedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerprometheus.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetIBMMicrosoft
Initial release20122008201720192015
Current release29.0.1, April 20242.3.4, January 20212.0cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial infofree developer edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++Go
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux infoLinux, macOS, Windows for the developer additionhostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-free, schema definition possibleyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno infoImport of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnonoall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnoyes infothrough the embedded Spark runtimeKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
DB2 Connect
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoCoprocessors in JavayesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Active-active shard replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoby Federation
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)nonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesNo - written data is immutableyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesYes - Synchronous writes to local disk combined with replication and asynchronous writes in parquet format to permanent shared storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache DruidHBaseIBM Db2 Event StoreMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPrometheus
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