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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SwayDB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SwayDB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSwayDB  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storageCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value storeRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#387  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerswaydb.simer.auwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsThomas MuellerMicrosoftSimer PlahaOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20122005201920182005
Current release29.0.1, April 20242.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases12.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoGNU Affero GPL V3.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaScalaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Kotlin
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoAtomic execution of operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerSwayDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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Apache DruidH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerSwayDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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