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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Firebolt vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. Splunk

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Firebolt vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. Splunk

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonFirebolt  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonSplunk  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataHighly scalable cloud data warehouse and analytics product infoForked from ClickhouseFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.Analytics Platform for Big Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#134  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score86.45
Rank#14  Overall
#2  Search engines
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.firebolt.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetimewww.splunk.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.firebolt.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.splunk.com/­Documentation/­Splunk
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsFirebolt Analytics Inc.MicrosoftMireoSplunk Inc.
Initial release20122020201920202003
Current release29.0.1, April 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialcommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited free edition and free developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedhostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implementedno infoSplunk Search Processing Language for search commands
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
.Net
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesdepending on storage layeryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononono infoA 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searching
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAzure Active Directory AuthenticationyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache DruidFireboltMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTimeSplunk
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