DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RocksDB vs. searchxml

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RocksDB vs. searchxml

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

DBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Search engine

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Key-value store

Native XML DBMS
Search engine

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	134.78
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	5.16
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	4.00
Rank	#84	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	0.01
Rank	#386	Overall
	#7	Native XML DBMS
	#24	Search engines

Website

druid.apache.org

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

rocksdb.org

www.searchxml.net/category/products

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

www.searchxml.net/support/handouts

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Elastic

Microsoft

Facebook, Inc.

informationpartners gmbh

Initial release

2012

2010

2019

2013

2015

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

8.6, January 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

8.11.4, April 2024

1.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Elastic License

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

C++

most other programming languages supported via APIs

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes

on the application server

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

sychronisation to multiple collections

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

multiple readers, single writer

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Domain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application services

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