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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used in-process key-value storeDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Search engineRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score128.79
Rank#8  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.88
Rank#130  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#332  Overall
#28  Time Series DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlquasar.ai
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsElasticGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oraclequasardb
Initial release20122010201719942009
Current release30.0.0, June 20248.6, January 202318.1.40, May 20203.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnonono
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingnoneSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnoyesyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Apache DruidElasticsearchGoogle Cloud SpannerOracle Berkeley DBQuasardb
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