DBMS > Apache Druid vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

RDF store

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#124	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	1.83
Rank	#139	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

www.exasol.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.exasol.com/resources

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Exasol

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

2000

2014

2004

2017

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

Java
Lua
Python
R

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
PHP
Python

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

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