DBMS > Apache Druid vs. EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Snowflake vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Snowflake vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#124	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#360	Overall
	#52	Key-value stores

Website

druid.apache.org

www.exasol.com

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.snowflake.com

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.exasol.com/resources

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Exasol

Google

Snowflake Computing Inc.

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2012

2000

2017

2014

2011

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

hosted

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

Java
Lua
Python
R

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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