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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#322  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgduckdb.orgwww.postgresql.orgquasar.ai
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designduckdb.org/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerquasardb
Initial release201220181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009
Current release29.0.1, April 20241.0.0, June 202416.3, May 20243.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
server-lessFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Apache DruidDuckDBPostgreSQLQuasardb
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